the book of why
The debate was neither tobacco nor cancer. It was the word “cause”. Many people smoke their whole lives and never get lung cancer. Some get it without lighting up a single cigarette. Previously when we discussed RCT, we know that it is an excellent way to establish a causal relationship.
the book of why
To better understand this article, you need to first read these two articles: Causal Diagram and Bayesian Network (Part 2) How Randomized Controlled Trial Deconfounds the Confounding Bias A confounder is like some backdoor paths from X to Y. To eliminate the confounder, you just need to block those backdoor
the book of why
Before talking about how confounding should be defined, let’s talked about how it was defined before. Some declarative defintions A confounder is any variable that is correlated with both X and Y. A confounder X and Y is a variable Z that is (1) associated with X in the
the book of why
What is confunding bias? Imagine you are a farmer trying to determine applying fertilizer A to the field will increase the yield of crops. In other words, you are trying to establish a causal relationship between fertilizer A and yield. Our tricky Nature tells you that the effect of the
Recently, I have had this random thought on the topic. Different people may hold very different opinions. I think there is very little credit you can take for your success. The external environment contributes to one’s success the most. Imagine you are born in some countries in Africa, how
I have written a few articles on how to learn a programming language before, for example, How to self learn Python? and Some resources to self learn Python. Currently, when I try to find out how to build a web application, I started to reflect on my approach. The first
the book of why
There are three building blocks of Baysian Network. Remember that a Bayesian Network is nothing but some arrows connecting with different nodes representing the conditional probability table. The so-called building blocks are just the three types of arrow patterns. Arrow PatternEasy To RMB NameDescriptionA –> B –> CChainFire ->
the book of why
After looking at how statistics pay little attention on causation compared with correlation, the author talks about Bayesian Network, in which he is one of the main contributors, and its relation with causal diagram. Bayes Theorem and Inverse Probability Bayes theorem provides a mathematical description of two events, the hypothesis
Date: 26 June 2021 You may find my cheat sheet here. I used to think Python is better than SQL. In my last position, I will use Python for everything if I have the choice. Even for joining two tables, I prefer to do it in pd.merge(df1, df2,
data analysis
Wright studied genetics at Harvard. While he was working at the University of Chicago, he interested in the inheritance of coat colour in guinea pigs. He found that it is nearly impossible to breed an all-white or all-coloured guinea pig, even the most inbred families which contradict the prediction of
Books
Date: 20210613 We know from last time that there are at least 6 species of human 50,000 years ago. Human today belongs to a species called Sapiens. Actually, the first time Sapiens met another species, Neanderthals, we lost. Around 70,000 years ago, Sapiens started spreading everywhere around the
Books
Date: 20210612 Sapiens is a very popular book written by Yuval Noah Harai, on the history of Sapiens, today’s human. I am not a fan of the history book. I usually may fall asleep, not because I think history is useless. Quite the opposite, I feel history is very